Utility of QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube Test Compared with Tuberculin Skin Test in Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Indian Children with Malnutrition

This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the accuracy of QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT) Gold In-Tube test and tuberculin skin test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in predominantly bacille Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated children with a high incidence of malnutrition. The sensitivity of the QFT versus the TST was 69.6% versus 52.9% for WHO-defined TB, with specificity of 86% versus 78.3%, respectively. The concordance of the TST and QFT was 79% overall (κ = 0.430), 62.5% in those with WHO-defined TB and 85.7% in those without TB. Majority of the QFT+/TST − discordance was seen in children with TB, whereas majority of the TST+/QFT − discordance was seen in those without TB. The TST was more likely to be negative in children with moderate-to-severe malnutrition (P = 0.003) compared to the QFT, which was more likely to be positive in younger children. The significantly better performance of the QFT in malnourished children and those at younger ages supports its use for TB diagnosis in these subpopulations.     

首发儿童精神分裂症患者脑源性神经营养因子水平及神经元凋亡研究

目的探讨首发儿童精神分裂症患者脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、β-微管蛋白III(Tuj-1)、胱天蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的变化,为揭示儿童精神分裂症的病因和发病机制提供参考。方法以2015年8月-2018年3月在大理州第二人民医院就诊的符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)诊断标准的儿童精神分裂症患者(n=35)为研究组,同期在大理州第二人民医院的体检儿童中随机选取健康儿童为对照组(n=30)。通过实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定两组儿童血液中BDNF、Caspase-3和Tuj-1的mRNA表达水平。结果与对照组相比,研究组BDNF和Tuj-1 mRNA表达低(P0.05或0.01),Caspase-3 mRNA表达高(P0.01)。结论儿童精神分裂症患者的BDNF mRNA和Tuj-1 mRNA表达少,Caspase-3 mRNA表达多,BDNF mRNA、Tuj-1 mRNA和Caspase-3 mRNA可能与儿童精神分裂症相关。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果比较

目的比较胸腰椎骨折患者接受经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗的效果及关节功能。方法回顾性分析2014年4月-2015年10月在该院接受内固定手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折患者,根据手术入路不同分为椎旁入路组和经皮微创组,分别接受经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术情况、围手术期血清创伤分子含量以及远期功能恢复情况和矫正畸形效果。结果椎旁入路组的手术时间明显短于经皮微创组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、住院总时间与经皮微创组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后当天的血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌红蛋白(Myo)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3、6和12个月时的伤椎前后缘高度比、Cobb角、视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果和创伤程度相当,椎旁肌间隙入路的手术操作更为简单、手术时间更短。     

Contemporary Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality After a Fetal or Postnatal Diagnosis of Common Arterial Trunk

Background

Common arterial trunk (CAT) is a rare anomaly with a spectrum of pathology. We sought to identify current trends and factors associated with postnatal outcomes.

Trends in Physical Fitness Among 12-Year-Old Children in Urban and Rural Areas During the Social Transformation Period in China

Aims

To investigate the 29-year (1985–2014) trends in body dimensions and physical fitness test performances among 12-year-old Chinese children living in urban and rural areas.

Effect of Tepid Sponge on changes in body temperature in children under five who have fever in Dr. Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Hospital

Objective

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Tepid Sponge on changes in body temperature in children aged under five who had a fever in Dr. Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Hospital.

Mechanical work,kinematics, and kinetics during sit-to-stand in children with and without spastic diplegic cerebral palsy

BackgroundSit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most common fundamental activity in daily life. The pathology of the neuromuscular control system in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) could contribute to atypical movement patterns leading to the inefficiency performance including the STS task. However, there was also a lack of evidence about kinematics, kinetics, and especially mechanical work during the STS task in children with SDCP aged 7–12 years old.Research questionWhat were the differences in mechanical work, kinematics and kinetics during STS task between children with SDCP and typically developing (TD) children?MethodsEleven children with SDCP (GMFCS I-II) and eleven age and gender-matched control TD children with an age range of 7–12 years were enrolled. Motion analysis and force plate systems were used to collect data. All participants performed the STS task from an adjustable chair. Independent sample t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used in this study.ResultsThe children with SDCP took a longer time and used more mechanical work during STS than TD children. At the beginning of the STS task, children with SDCP showed more trunk flexion and posterior pelvic tilting; in addition, during the STS task they also presented more trunk, hip, and knee flexion than TD children. However, the children with SDCP showed less ankle dorsiflexion compared with TD children. For the kinetic variables, asymmetry was found in children with SDCP. The maximum hip and knee extension moment, plantar flexion moment, and peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) of the non-dominant leg were higher than the values of the dominant leg in these children.SignificanceEven though, children with SDCP who are able to independently STS. They were also a mechanically less efficient performance during STS task. Therefore, this task still needs to be trained during rehabilitation sessions.     

MRI findings in pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with MOG antibody: Four cases and review of the literature

Background

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG Abs) are frequently detected in pediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS), and MOG-Ab-positive ADS differs from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-Ab-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in terms of age distribution, therapeutic response, and prognosis.